Education is important factor in our life. Without education people cannot find a right direction for their life for growth and survival. But sometimes some children face many problems. Instead of understanding their family members and teachers put the blame on them. In the case of child disability some children have more knowledge. But in some area they are weak. So it creates problem in all areas. They cannot perform in all area. One area create obstacle to all area.
MEANING OF CHILD DISABILITY:
A childhood disorder identify by difficulties with specific abilities such as reading, writing, in people of average intelligence, learning disabilities are not caused by a lack of intelligence, learning disabilities are not caused by a lack of intelligence or motivation. Learning disabled children aren’t stupid or lazy.in truth. The majority of them are just as intelligent as the rest of us. It’s just that their brains are simply wired. Differently simply put children and adults with learning difficulties perceive, hear and comprehend information in different ways. This can make its difficult to learn and apply new knowledge and abilities. Problems with reading and writing are the most frequent sorts of learning difficulties.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES:
Learning difficulties manifest themselves in variety of ways, depending on the child. One child may have difficulty reading and spelling while another enjoy literature but struggle with math. Another child may struggle to comprehend what others are saying or conveying learning disabilities aren’t always easy to spot –because of the large range of possibilities. There is no single symptom or characteristic that can be used to prove the existence of a condition. However there are some exceptions.at different ages some warning signs are more common than others. If you’re aware of what they’re up to, you can help them. Hopefully you’ll be able to detect a learning disability early on and take action to help your child.
Signs & symptom of learning disabilities (Preschool age)
- Word pronunciation issues having trouble coming up with the correct phase. Rhyming is difficult.
- Learning the alphabet, numbers, colors, shapes, and days of the weeknight are difficult.
- Following instructions or learning routines might be difficult.
- Controlling crayons, pencils, and scissors as well as colorings within the lines can be difficult.
- Button, zipper and snap problems as well as learning to tie shoes.
Signs & symptoms of learning difficulties (Ages 5 to 9)
- Having trouble understanding the relationship between letters sounds to form words.
- When reading basic words get mixed together.
- Learning new talents takes times.
- Frequently misspells words and creates grammatical blunders.
- Basic math ideas are difficult to grasp.
- Having trouble keeping track of time and memorizing sequences.
Signs & symptoms of learning difficulties (Ages 10‑13)
- Reading comprehension or math skill problems.
- Open‑ended test questions and word problem pose challenges.
- Reading and writing are disliked by him, and he avoids reading aloud.
- Handwriting is sloppy.
- Poor organizing abilities(Messy bedroom homework and desk)
- Following classroom conversations and expressing opinions aloud are both difficult tasks.
- In a signal document the same word is spelled differently.
CAUSES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES:
Something is influencing the brain’s growth causing learning impairments. This can happen before (prenatally) after (postnatal) or in early childhood. Learning difficulties can result from any of a number of circumstances or from a combination of them; it’s not always possible to pinpoint the exact cause. The following are some of the possible causes.
Fragile X syndrome is an inherited disorder in which specific genes are passed down from parents which disrupt brain’s development.
- Down’s syndrome and turner syndrome are chromosomal abnormalities.
- Birth complication arises in a lack of oxygen to the brain.
- It was a pretty early birth.
- During the pregnancy the mother becomes unwell.
- Fetal Alcohol syndrome is caused by a mothers drinking during pregnancy.
- A debilitating sickness or injury that affects brain development in early childhood such as car accident or child maltreatment.
- Early childhood neglect and/or lack of mental stimulation.
- Some people with learning disorders have physical and sensory impairments in addition to their learning disability.
TYPE OF LEARNING DISABILITIES:
- Dyslexia- Reading and related language based processing skills are affected by this specific learning disability
- Dysgraphia-A type of learning disability that affects a person’s fine motor skills and handwriting abilities.
- Dyscalculia– A type of learning disorder that impairs a person’s ability to comprehend numbers and learn math topics.
Nonverbal learning disabilities
- Has difficulty interpreting nonverbal sign such as facial expressions or body language and maybe uncoordinated.
Dyspraxia
- A disorder in which muscle control is impaired, causing issues with movement, coordination language and speech, as well as affecting, learning dyspraxia frequently coexist with dyslexia
Oral /Written language disorder and specific reading comprehension deficit
- Learning difficulties affect an individual’ ability to comprehend what they read or hear. It’s also possible that one’s ability to express oneself verbally will be harmed.
Executive Functioning
- Affects, planning, organizing, strategizing attention to details and time and space management are all things to consider.
Dysphasia/Aphasia
- Communication and language the ability to understand or generate spoken language is affected by learning impairment. Language is also an output activity because it necessitates arranging thoughts in the brain and summoning the appropriate word orally express them. Explain anything to someone else or speak with them.
Auditory processing disorder
- “Auditory processing abilities or receptive language “are termed used by professionals to describe the capacity to hear clarity. The capacity to hear things correctly has a big impact on reading, writing and spelling a lack of ability to recognize small differences. Words are comprehend the fundamentals of reading and writing. Auditory processing (apd) is a condition in which people have trouble distinguishing between sounds, reading, understanding and language issues.
Visual processing disorder
- Missing tiny distinctions in shapes, reversing letters or numerical skipping words, skipping lines, misperceiving depth or distance or experiencing difficulty with eye‑ hand coordination are all symptoms of visual processing impairment. Visual processing is a term used by professionals to describe the work of the eye. Perception of the visual world. Visual processing disorder (VPD) is a condition in which people have trouble understanding visual information, reading math, charts, symbols and graphic problems.
ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)
- Children with ADHD frequently struggle to sit still; stay focused, and follows directions. Keep organized and do their assignment.
Autism
- Pervasive developmental disorders. Such as autism can make it difficult to learn some academic skill. Autism and Asperger’s syndrome are example of developmental disorders autism in children, autism may face difficulties, making friends, conversing interpreting body language, acquiring basic skills and making new acquaintances, make direct eye contact learning problem have hope the brain may change
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING FOR LEARNING DISABILITIES AND DISORDERS:
As you‘ve probably already discovered diagnosing a learning disability isn’t always straightforward. Don’t assume you know what your child’s problem is, even if the symptoms seem clear. It is critical that you child be tested and evaluated by a trained and evaluated by a trained specialist. That said you should trust your instincts if you think something’s is wrong, listen to your gut. Seek a second opinion if you believe a teacher or doctor is dismissing your worries opinions if you see your child don’t listen to anyone who tell you to “wait and see “or “don’t be concernedâ€. A kid who is having difficulty whether or not your child’s difficulties are the result of a learning disability.
You should seek professional help intervention is required because of the disability. You can’t go wrong by investigation the problem and taking appropriate action. It takes time to diagnose a learning problem. It include testing, getting a medical history and having skilled specialist observe you. It’s crucial to have a good referral begin by contacting your child school and if they are unable to assist you. Contact your insurance company, doctor or other professional, acquaintance, and family members who have overcome learning challenges.
Some examples of professionals who may be able to test for and diagnose learning disability
- Clinical psychologist
- School psychologist
- Child psychiatrist
- Educational psychologists
- Developmental psychologists
- Neuropsychologist
- Psychometrics
- Occupational therapist (tests sensory disorders that can lead to learning problems)
- Speech and language therapist
To establish an appropriate diagnosis numerous clinicians may work together to coordination services. They might inquire about your child’s teacher’s opinions within the school recommendations for special education services or speech-language therapy might be made system.
TREATMENT FOR LEARNING DISABILITY:
Although there is no cure for learning problems .early intervention can help to mitigate their impact. People with learning disabilities by developing coping mechanisms, getting treatment sooner rather than later, boosts the chances of academic and personal success. If a child’s learning difficulties are not addressed he or she may become frustrated which can lead to low self–esteem and other issues. Experts can assist a youngster in learning skill by focusing on the child’s strengths while also addressing the child’s inadequacies.
BY – SWARNAPRAVA DAS
Masters in Social Work, 1st Division
N.C. Autonomous College, Jajpur
REFERENCES
https://www.whiteswanfoundation.org/disorders/neurodevelopmental-disorders/learning-disability
https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/learning-disabilities
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/treatment
